UNIT 1: Diversity in Living World

• What is living? ; Biodiversity; Need for classification;; Taxonomy & Systematics;

Concept of species and taxonomical hierarchy; Binomial nomenclature;

• Five kingdom classification; salient features and classification of Monera; Protista and

Fungi into major groups; Lichens; Viruses and Viroids.

• Salient features and classification of plants into major groups-Algae, Bryophytes,

Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms (three to five salient and distinguishing features and at

least two examples of each category);

• Salient features and classification of animals-nonchordate up to phyla level and chordate

up to classes level (three to five salient features and at least two examples).

UNIT 2: Structural Organisation in Animals and Plants

• Morphology and modifications; Tissues; Anatomy and functions of different parts of

flowering plants: Root, stem, leaf, inflorescence- cymose and recemose, flower, fruit

and seed (To be dealt along with the relevant practical of the Practical Syllabus) Family

(malvaceae, Cruciferae, leguminoceae, compositae, graminae).

• Animal tissues; Morphology, anatomy and functions of different systems (digestive,

circulatory, respiratory, nervous and reproductive) of an insect (Frog). (Brief account

only)

UNIT 3: Cell Structure and Function

• Cell theory and cell as the basic unit of life; Structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell;

Plant cell and animal cell; Cell envelope, cell membrane, cell wall; Cell organelles-

structure and function; Endomembrane system-endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies,

lysosomes, vacuoles; mitochondria, ribosomes, plastids, micro bodies; Cytoskeleton,

cilia, flagella, centrioles (ultra structure and function); Nucleus-nuclear membrane,

chromatin, nucleolus.

• Chemical constituents of living cells: Biomolecules-structure and function of proteins,

carbodydrates, lipids, nucleic acids; Enzymes-types, properties, enzyme action,

classification and nomenclature of anzymes

• B Cell division: Cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis and their significance.

UNIT 4: Plant Physiology

• Photosynthesis: Photosynthesis as a means of Autotrophic nutrition; Site of

photosynthesis take place; pigments involved in Photosynthesis (Elementary idea);

Photochemical and biosynthetic phases of photosynthesis; Cyclic and non cyclic and photophosphorylation; Chemiosmotic hypothesis; Photorespiration C3 and C4

pathways; Factors affecting photosynthesis.

• Respiration: Exchange gases; Cellular respiration-glycolysis, fermentation (anaerobic),

TCA cycle and electron transport system (aerobic); Energy relations- Number of ATP

molecules generated; Amphibolic pathways; Respiratory quotient.

• Plant growth and development: Seed germination; Phases of Plant growth and plant

growth rate; Conditions of growth; Differentiation, dedifferentiation and

redifferentiation; Sequence of developmental process in a plant cell; Growth regulators-

auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, ethylene, ABA;

UNIT 5: Human Physiology

• Breathing and Respiration: Respiratory organs in animals (recall only); Respiratory

system in humans; Mechanism of breathing and its regulation in humans-Exchange of

gases, transport of gases and regulation of respiration Respiratory volumes; Disorders

related to respiration-Asthma, Emphysema, Occupational respiratory disorders.

• Body fluids and circulation: Composition of blood, blood groups, coagulation of blood;

Composition of lymph and its function; Human circulatory system-Structure of human

heart and blood vessels; Cardiac cycle, cardiac output, ECG, Double circulation;

Regulation of cardiac activity; Disorders of circulatory system-Hypertension, Coronary

artery disease, Angina pectoris, Heart failure.

• Excretory products and their elimination: Modes of excretion- Ammonotelism,

ureotelism, uricotelism; Human excretory system-structure and fuction; Urine

formation, Osmoregulation; Regulation of kidney function-Renin-angiotensin, Atrial

Natriuretic Factor, ADH and Diabetes insipidus; Role of other organs in excretion;

Disorders; Uraemia, Renal failure, Renal calculi, Nephritis; Dialysis and artificial

kidney.

• Locomotion and Movement: Types of movement- ciliary, fiagellar, muscular; Skeletal

muscle- contractile proteins and muscle contraction; Skeletal system and its functions

(To be dealt with the relevant practical of Practical syllabus); Joints; Disorders of

muscular and skeletal system-Myasthenia gravis, Tetany, Muscular dystrophy, Arthritis,

Osteoporosis, Gout.

• Neural control and coordination: Neuron and nerves; Nervous system in humanscentral

nervous system, peripheral nervous system and visceral nervous system; Generation and

conduction of nerve impulse;

• Chemical coordination and regulation: Endocrine glands and hormones; Human

endocrine system-Hypothalamus, Pituitary, Pineal, Thyroid, Parathyroid, Adrenal,

Pancreas, Gonads; Mechanism of hormone action (Elementary Idea); Role of hormones

as messengers and regulators, Hypo-and hyperactivity and related disorders (Common

disorders e.g. Dwarfism, Acromegaly, Cretinism, goiter, exopthalmic goiter, diabetes,

Addison’s disease).

UNIT 6: Reproduction

• Sexual reproduction in flowering plants: Flower structure; Development of male and

female gametophytes; Pollination-types, agencies and examples; Outbreeding devices;

Pollen-Pistil interaction; Double fertilization; Post fertilization events- Development of

endosperm and embryo, Development of seed and formation of fruit; Special modes-

apomixis, parthenocarpy, polyembryony; Significance of seed and fruit formation.

• Human Reproduction: Male and female reproductive systems; Microscopic anatomy of

testis and ovary; Gametogenesis-spermatogenesis & oogenesis; Menstrual cycle;

Fertilisation, embryo development upto blastocyst formation, implantation; Pregnancy

and placenta formation (Elementary idea); Parturition (Elementary idea); Lactation

(Elementary idea).

• Reproductive health: Need for reproductive health and prevention of sexually

transmitted diseases (STD); Birth control-Need and Methods, Contraception and

Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP); Amniocentesis; Infertility and assisted

reproductive technologies – IVF, ZIFT, GIFT (Elementary idea for general awareness).

UNIT 7: Genetics and Evolution

• Heredity and variation: Mendelian Inheritance; Deviations from Mendelism-

Incomplete dominance, Co-dominance, Multiple alleles and Inheritance of blood

groups, Pleiotropy; Elementary idea of polygenic inheritance; Chromosome theory of

inheritance; Chromosomes and genes; Sex determination-In humans, birds, honey bee;

Linkage and crossing over; Sex linked inheritance-Haemophilia, Colour blindness;

Mendelian disorders in humans-Thalassemia; Chromosomal disorders in humans;

Down’s syndrome, Turner’s and Klinefelter’s syndromes.

• Molecular basis of Inheritance: Search for genetic material and DNA as genetic

material; Structure of DNA and RNA; DNA packaging; DNA replication; Central

dogma; Transcription, genetic code, translation; Gene expression and regulation- Lac

Operon; Genome and human genome project; DNA finger printing, protein

biosynthesis.

• Evolution: Origin of life; Biological evolution and evidences for biological evolution

from Paleontology, comparative anatomy, embryology and molecular evidence);

Darwin’s contribution, Modern Synthetic theory of Evolution; Mechanism of evolution-

Variation (Mutation and Recombination) and Natural Selection with examples, types of

natural selection; Gene flow and genetic drift; Hardy-Weinberg’s principle; Adaptive

Radiation; Human evolution.

UNIT 8: Biology and Human Welfare

• Health and Disease; Pathogens; parasites causing human diseases (Malaria, Filariasis,

Ascariasis. Typhoid, Pneumonia, common cold, amoebiasis, ring worm, dengue,

chikungunya); Basic concepts of immunology-vaccines; Cancer, HIV and AIDS;

Adolescence, drug and alcohol abuse.Tobacco abuse Microbes in human welfare: In household food processing, industrial production,

sewage treatment, energy generation and as biocontrol agents and biofertilizers.

UNIT 9: Biotechnology and Its Applications

• Principles and process of Biotechnology: Genetic engineering (Recombinant DNA

technology).

• Application of Biotechnology in health and agriculture: Human insulin and vaccine

production, gene therapy; Genetically modified organisms-Bt crops; Transgenic

Animals; Biosafety issues-Biopiracy and patents.

UNIT 10: Ecology and Environment

• Organisms and environmentPopulation interactions-mutualism, competition, predation,

parasitism; Population attributes-growth, birth rate and death rate, age distribution.

• Ecosystem: Patterns, components; productivity and decomposition; Energy flow;

Pyramids of number, biomass, energy

• Biodiversity and its conservation: Concept of Biodiversity; Patterns of Biodiversity;

Importance of Biodiversity; Loss of Biodiversity; Biodiversity conservation; Hotspots,

endangered organisms, extinction, Red Data Book, biosphere reserves, National parks

and sanctuaries, Sacred Groves.

> Free mock tests.

> PYQ's practice sets.

> Free E-Books will be provided.

> Chapter wise PPT's will be provided.